Apparatus and method of cooperating with multiple base stations in wireless communication system

ABSTRACT

A method and an apparatus of cooperating with a plurality of base stations in a wireless communication system. A cloud cell is configured with a plurality of base stations that cooperate with each other for a mobile station and synchronizes user contexts for serving the mobile station among the plurality of base stations included in the cloud cell, and the plurality of base stations cooperate with each other to provide a communication service to the mobile station. The present disclosure reduces generation of a handover when the mobile station moves between base stations, and increases the data yield of the mobile station by transmitting and receiving data in cooperation with base stations in a cloud cell at a shaded area or a cell border.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) AND CLAIM OF PRIORITY

The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.13/907,414 filed on May 31, 2013 and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(a) to Korean Application Serial No. 10-2012-0058756, which was filedin the Korean Intellectual Property Office on May 31, 2012, the entirecontent of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to transmission and reception ofinformation in a communication system, and more particularly, to amethod and an apparatus of serving a mobile station in cooperation witha plurality of base stations in a wireless communication system.

BACKGROUND

In a cellular system for a wireless communication, a cell which is aservice area for transmitting a wireless signal of each base stationtends to decrease in size, for various reasons, such as the increase ofpath loss caused by the usage of the high frequency and the provision ofa MS-centric service. The small base stations for the small cell may bedesigned to be smaller in size and simpler in structure than a macrobase station generally having a radius of 1 km.

A wireless communication system configured with a small cell may have acapacity of wireless resources that can be provided for a mobile stationper area to be increased on average compared to a macro base station,but may have a density of cell borders higher than the macro cell. Thatis, if a service area of one macro base station is substituted withmultiple small base stations, many cell borders may be generated amongsmall base stations.

The increase of cell border areas in the small cells leads to anincrease in the frequency of handovers. In general, since the data yieldat a cell border is smaller than the yield at a position which is not acell border, the fixed mobile station in a small base station may havehigher data yield than the macro base station, but the mobile stationmoving in the small base station may undergo the decrease of the datayield at a cell border and handover at a higher frequency than the macrobase station. In general, the process of a handover is known as a causeof increasing a probability of data transmission error and increasingoverhead in a system.

Therefore, a technique for solving problems generated in a systemconfigured with small base stations has been required.

SUMMARY

To address the above-discussed deficiencies, it is a primary object toprovide a method and an apparatus of transmitting and receivinginformation in a communication system.

The present disclosure provides a method and an apparatus for decreasinghandovers generated at cell borders and improving the data yielddecrease effect in a wireless communication system configured with smallcells.

The present disclosure provides a method and an apparatus for serving amobile station in cooperation with a plurality of base stations in awireless communication system configured with small cells.

The present disclosure provides a method and an apparatus forconfiguring a user-centric virtual cell in a cellular communicationsystem.

The present disclosure provides a method and an apparatus forconfiguring a plurality of base stations into a virtual cell for amobile station in a cellular communication system.

An aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a method ofcooperating with a plurality of base stations in a wirelesscommunication system. The method includes configuring a cloud cellincluding a plurality of base stations that cooperate for a mobilestation; synchronizing user contexts for serving the mobile stationamong the plurality of base stations included in the cloud cell, andproviding a communication service to the mobile station by cooperationof the plurality of base stations.

Another aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a wirelesscommunication system including a mobile station that is provided with acommunication service, and a plurality of base stations that share usercontexts synchronized for serving the mobile station and providing acommunication service to the mobile station by configuring a cloud cellfor the mobile station and cooperating with each other.

Before undertaking the DETAILED DESCRIPTION below, it may beadvantageous to set forth definitions of certain words and phrases usedthroughout this patent document: the terms “include” and “comprise,” aswell as derivatives thereof, mean inclusion without limitation; the term“or,” is inclusive, meaning and/or; the phrases “associated with” and“associated therewith,” as well as derivatives thereof, may mean toinclude, be included within, interconnect with, contain, be containedwithin, connect to or with, couple to or with, be communicable with,cooperate with, interleave, juxtapose, be proximate to, be bound to orwith, have, have a property of, or the like; and the term “controller”means any device, system or part thereof that controls at least oneoperation, such a device may be implemented in hardware, firmware orsoftware, or some combination of at least two of the same. It should benoted that the functionality associated with any particular controllermay be centralized or distributed, whether locally or remotely.Definitions for certain words and phrases are provided throughout thispatent document, those of ordinary skill in the art should understandthat in many, if not most instances, such definitions apply to prior, aswell as future uses of such defined words and phrases.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure and itsadvantages, reference is now made to the following description taken inconjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like referencenumerals represent like parts:

FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate a cellular system including macro basestations and a cellular system including small base stations;

FIG. 2A illustrates a structure of a BS-centric static cell according toan embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2B illustrates a structure of a user-centric or MS-centric virtualcell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 illustrates a process for virtualization at Layer 2 according toan embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 illustrates cooperation among base stations in a virtual cellaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIGS. 5A to 5D illustrate communication among base stations in a cloudcell according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 6 illustrates relations among base stations in cloud cellsaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIGS. 7A to 7D illustrate signal transmissions in a cloud cell accordingto an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 illustrates a process of transmitting downlink signals from basestations that configure a cloud cell according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure;

FIG. 9 illustrates a process for receiving an uplink signal in basestations that configures a cloud cell according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure;

FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate reformation of a cloud cell according to anembodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 11 illustrates a process of adding a new base station in a cloudcell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 12 illustrates a process of removing a base station member from acloud cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 13 illustrates a process of changing a master base station in acloud cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 14 illustrates a process of changing a master base station in acloud cell according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 15 illustrates a block diagram of a configuration of the MSaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and

FIG. 16 illustrates a block diagram of a configuration of a base stationaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIGS. 1A through 16, discussed below, and the various embodiments usedto describe the principles of the present disclosure in this patentdocument are by way of illustration only and should not be construed inany way to limit the scope of the disclosure. Those skilled in the artwill understand that the principles of the present disclosure may beimplemented in any suitably arranged system or device. Hereinafter,various embodiments of the present disclosure will be described withreference to the accompanying drawings. Further, various specificdefinitions found in the following description are provided only to helpgeneral understanding of the present disclosure, and it is apparent tothose skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may bemade therein without departing from the scope of the present disclosureas defined by the appended claims. Further, in the following descriptionof the present disclosure, a detailed description of known functions andconfigurations incorporated herein will be omitted when it may make thesubject matter of the present disclosure rather unclear. Therefore, thedefinitions thereof should be made based on the whole description.

FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate a cellular system including macro basestations and a cellular system including small base stations.

With reference to FIG. 1A, a plurality of base stations configuring awireless communication system has a relatively wide service area, andprovide a communication service such as a data or a voice communicationfor one MS or more positioned in the service areas of the base stations.Specifically, BS1 (Base Station 1) 112 includes a cell1 102 which is aservice area of the BS1 112, and provides a communication service to anMS (Mobile Station) 120 positioned in the cell1 102. If the MS 120enters a cell2 104 which is a service area of a BS2 114 (122), a MS 122uses a communication service from the BS2 114. In this manner, the MS120 performs a handover in order to move to another BS (that is, the BS2114) which is not currently in service and receive a service.

FIG. 1B illustrates a cellular system including small BSs. Asillustrated, more small BSs and their cells 132 than in FIG. 1A arearranged in the same dimension, and an MS moves among the cells 132, anduses a communication service from one of the small BSs 130.

FIG. 1A illustrates a wireless network system centered on macro BSs 112and 114 each of which has a cell area with a radius of 1 km or more, buta wireless network system centered on the small BSs 130 which have acell area with a smaller radius than macro BSs in order to increase thecapacity of the system is more advantageous. However, in the systemconfigured mainly with small BSs, the hand-over frequency may increase,and a data yield in many cell borders may decrease.

In order to solve the problems that occur in cell borders in a mobilecommunication system configured with small cells, a cloud cell may beprovided. The cloud cell is a user-centric or MS-centric virtual cell,and is configured with a plurality of cooperative BSs. An MS maytransmit or receive signals from any BSs that configure a cloud cellthereof, and the BSs that configure the cloud cell may continuouslychange according to the movement of the MS, or the change of thewireless environment.

In a wireless communication system, by using a cloud cell, a handoverdoes not occur even when an MS moves among BSs, and data is transmittedor received in a cooperative manner of the BSs in the cloud cell so thatthe decrease of the data yield of the MS may be reduced or minimized.

FIG. 2A illustrates a structure of a BS-centric static cell, and FIG. 2Bis a diagram illustrating a structure of a user-centric or MS-centricvirtual cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

With reference to FIG. 2A, an MS1 210 and an MS2 212 receive a servicefrom a BS1 (Base Station 1) 202, and the service areas of the MS1 210and the MS2 212 are determined only by the BS1 202. If the MS1 210 orthe MS2 212 desires to receive a service from another BS (for example, aBS3) other than the BS1 202, the MS1 210 or the MS2 212 should move tothe BS3, and the BS1 202 no longer serves the MS1 210 and the MS2 212after the handover.

With reference to FIG. 2B, an MS1 230 and an MS2 232 may receive thebest signal from a BS1 (Base Station 1) 220 as illustrated in FIG. 2A.In the cloud cell structure, a user-centric virtual, not a BS-centriccell may be formed, so a virtual cell 222 for the MS1 230 may beconfigured with a BS1 220, a BS2 (Base Station 2), a BS3 (Base Station3), and a BS4 (Base Station 4), and a virtual cell 224 for the MS2 232may be configured with the BS1 220, a BS5 (Base Station 5), a BS6 (BaseStation 6), and a BS7 (Base Station 7). That is, the virtual cells 222and 224 of the MSs 230 and 232 are not determined in a bandwidth of asignal of one BS, but are formed by including one BS or more that cantransmit or receive signals in an MS-centric manner. The virtualizationis performed in the MAC (Media Access Control) layer, which is Layer 2,so that virtual cells 222 and 224 operate like one BS in view of an MS,though the virtual cells 222 and 224 are configured with one or moreBSs.

FIG. 3 illustrates a process for virtualization at Layer 2 according toan embodiment of the present disclosure. Here, an embodiment when an MSis powered on and performs network entry for the first time isillustrated, but it should be understood that the same procedure may beapplied when the MS is in operation and adds a new BS as a member of thevirtual cell.

With reference to FIG. 3, the MS is powered on in step 302, and performsnetwork entry with a BS (that is, the BS1) having a detected signal ofthe best quality in step 304. Thereafter, the MS may performcommunication with the BS1. After performing a network entry, the BS1determines the BS2 as a member of the virtual cell for the MS, accordingto a predetermined condition, a request from the MS, or the instructionfrom the network in step 306, and transmits a user context for the MSmanaged by the BS 1, to the BS2 in step 308. At this point, the entireor a part of the user context may be transmitted to the BS2. Forexample, the user context may be loaded on a certain message, andtransmitted with identification information of the MS (for example,information for identifying a cloud cell of the MS or information foridentifying a user context of the MS).

The user context includes information required for providing an MS witha communication service. For example, the user context may include atleast one of all identifiers (ID) for communication between an MS and avirtual cell (for example, an MS ID, a logical connection ID, an ID of aBS that configures a virtual cell, or the like), security-relatedinformation (for example, a security key, an authentication ID, asequence number assigned by an encryption layer, a security associationID, and an encryption algorithm), QoS (Quality of service) informationfor each logical connector ID, a sequence number of an SDU (Service dataunit) or a PDU (Protocol data unit) at Layer 2, information relating totransmission or re-transmission (for example, information relating toARQ (Automatic Repeat Request) or HARQ (Hybrid ARQ)), a network context(for example, an authenticator ID or an anchor gateway ID). Though notshown in the drawings, a part of the user context may be transmittedfrom the network node to the BS1, not the BS2.

In step 310, the BS2 stores information about the MS by receiving theuser context information, performs the synchronization at Layer 2 withthe BS1, and finishes the process for the virtualization at Layer 2 in avirtual cell for serving the MS. Among the user contexts of the MS,dynamic context information that changes with time is updated in the BSsof the virtual cell so that the virtualization at Layer 2 is maintainedin the BSs of the virtual cell.

If the signal quality from the BS2 is below a predetermined level due tothe movement of the MS or the like and it is difficult to perform acommunication, the BS1 determines to remove the BS2 from the virtualcell in step 314, and notifies the BS2 of the removal from the virtualcell in step 316. For example, the BS1 may instruct the BS2 to withdrawfrom the cloud cell of the MS by transmitting the instruction with theidentification information of the MS (for example, information foridentifying the cloud cell of the MS or information for identifying theuser context of the MS) in step 316. In step 318, the BS2 deletes theuser context of the MS which has been in service in the virtual cell.

The user contexts may be configured in the virtual cell as describedbelow. For example, the user contexts are defined as common contexts sothat all BSs in the virtual cell have the same value. For example, in anexemplary embodiment of numbering PDU sequences at Layer 2, thenumbering is performed so that all the BSs that configure the virtualcell have the same sequence number with respect to one PDU. According toanother embodiment, the user contexts have different values from BS toBS in the virtual cell, but a mapping rule for each BS can be defined sothat the synchronization among the BSs may be performed. For example,the BSs that configure the virtual cell assign different PDU sequencenumbers at Layer 2 to the PDU with the same content, but thevirtualization at Layer 2 can be performed since the MS knows a mappingrule that a PDU sequence number 100 in the BS1 is used as a PDU sequencenumber 300 in the BS2.

In the virtualization process at Layer 2, all the BSs in the virtualcell synchronize the common user contexts so that it seems that aservice at Layer 2 from one BS is provided in view of the MS.

FIG. 4 illustrates cooperation among BSs in a virtual cell according toan embodiment of the present disclosure.

With reference to FIG. 4, in order to serve an MS 410, a virtual cell412 of the MS 410 includes a BS1, a BS2, a BS3, and a BS4. In order toserve the MS 410, the user context of the MS 410 is shared and thedynamic user context information is frequently sent and received so thatthe BSs perform synchronization among BSs with respect to the usercontexts. In addition, in order that the BSs transmit data to the MS410, not only the user context but also MS data or a scheduling controlmessage for data transmission is exchanged.

For the communication among the BSs, a logical connection that can sendor receive information among them for BS cooperation 400 in a cloud cellis established. Further, since the cloud cell is configured with aplurality of BSs, a relation among the BSs is established in order toprovide a decision among the BSs for a special service or to determine arepresentative BS that generates a control message for an MS.

FIGS. 5A to 5D illustrate communication among BSs in a cloud cellaccording to embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate examples of physical connections forcommunication among BSs.

With reference to FIG. 5A, in order to connect a BS1 and a BS2 thatconfigure a cloud cell, communication among the BSs may be performed viaone gateway or more which is closer to an IP (Internet Protocol) corenetwork than the BSs or one step farther from the MS than the BSs. Forexample, the BS1 and the BS2 send or receive information by wire.

With reference to FIG. 5B, the BSs that configure the cloud cell arephysically connected to each other, and communication among the BSs canbe performed through other BS, if a direct physical connection with aneighboring BS does not exist. In the example illustrated, the BS2 andthe BS4 directly communicate with each other and the BS1 communicateswith the BS3 via the BS4. For example, the BSs may send or receiveinformation by wire or wirelessly. For a wireless communication amongBSs, a wireless channel frequency that is used in communication betweena BS and an MS may be re-used (In-band) or another frequency resourcemay be used (Out-of-Band).

FIGS. 5C and 5D illustrate examples of a logical connection forcommunication among the BSs.

With reference to FIG. 5C, the BSs may send or receive information amongthemselves by using an IP layer (Layer 3). In this exemplary embodiment,the information sent or received for communication is in a form of an IPpacket. With reference to FIG. 5D, the BSs may send or receiveinformation to/from each other by using a MAC layer (Layer 2). In thisexemplary embodiment, the information sent or received for communicationis in a form of MAC PDU.

In a cloud cell, for communication among BSs, a combination of aphysical connection as illustrated in FIGS. 5A and 5B with a logicalconnection as illustrated in FIGS. 5C and 5D is used. As an embodimentof the present disclosure, a direct communication among BSs is usedphysically as illustrated in FIG. 5B and a MAC layer communication isused logically as illustrated in FIG. 5D.

FIG. 6 illustrates relations among BSs in cloud cells according to anembodiment of the present disclosure.

With reference to FIG. 6, a plurality of MSs, that is, an MS1 602, anMS2 612, and an MS3 622, exist, and cloud cells 604, 614, and 624 areconfigured for each of the MSs 602, 612, and 622. In more detail, theMS1 602 has the cloud cell1 604 configured with the BS1, the BS2, andthe BS3, the MS2 612 has the cloud cell2 614 configured with the BS3,the BS3, and the BS5, and the MS3 622 has the cloud cell3 624 configuredwith the BS4 and the BS5.

In the cloud cells 604, 614, and 624 configured as described above, forproviding services to each of the MSs 602, 612, and 622, commonoperations such as performing a common decision among the BSs orgenerating a control message for the MSs 602, 612, and 622 are required.In order to representatively perform the common operations, each of thecloud cells 604, 614, and 624 has a master BS, and other BSs which arenot the master BS are referred to as slave BSs.

The master BS and the slave BSs are determined according to BSs, but aredetermined by logical role assignment in the BSs that configure thecloud cells. For example, in the cloud cell1 604, the BS3 is a masterBS, and the BS1 and the BS2 operate as slave BSs, in the cloud cell2614, the BS5 is a master BS, and the BS3 and the BS4 operate as slaveBSs, and in the cloud cell3 624, the BS5 is a master BS, and the BS4operates as slave BSs. As described above, one BS may perform a role ofa master BS or a slave BS with respect to multiple MSs. For example, theBS3 operates as a master BS with respect to the MS2, and operates as aslave BS with respect to the MS1. Meanwhile, the BS4 operates as a slaveBS with respect to both of the MS2 and the MS3. The role of each BS as amaster BS or a slave BS is not fixed, but may be changed according totime and the movement of an MS.

The role of a master BS in each cloud cell is as follows. One BS isdesignated as a master BS in a cloud cell, and the master BS performs arole of an anchor that generates and manages all control informationwith respect to MSs in service. In view of network, the master BSperforms as an anchor BS that sends or receives control information forserving an MS to or from a network node (for example, a gateway). Inaddition, the master BS manages user contexts for MSs, and informs slaveBSs of the user contexts. Further, the master BS determines a BS thatbecomes a member of a cloud cell. That is, the master BS receivesreports about information with respect to signal qualities from MSs, andincludes, to the cloud cell of the MS, another BS with a signal qualityhigher than a certain level which can communicate with the MS, as aslave BS. Otherwise, the BSs with a signal quality lower than a certainlevel is removed from the cloud cell.

The master BS has an authority that returns a qualification as a masterBS, and delegates the qualification as a master BS to another BS.Further, the master BS cooperates with the slave BSs that serve the MSso as to generate scheduling information for data communication and toforward data of the MS which is received from the network and which isto be transmitted via a downlink, to the slave BSs, or forward datareceived via an uplink, to a network node.

Each of the slave BSs cooperates with the master BS so as to transmitdownlink data to the MS or to receive uplink data from the MS andforward the received uplink data to the master BS or the network node.

FIGS. 7A to 7D illustrate signal transmissions in a cloud cell accordingto an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIGS. 7A to 7D are diagramsillustrating signal transmissions during time periods of T1 to T4,respectively, wherein the time period each may be a scheduling interval.An MS 702 may transmit or receive signals from any one of a BS1, a BS2,a BS3, and a BS4 which configure a cloud cell 704. The master BS of thecloud cell 704 may determine which BS(s) is to transmit or receivesignals with the MS 702 in each time period, in other words, which BS(s)is to be scheduled (that is, to be assigned for transmission/reception)to the MS 702 in each time period. Here, it is assumed that theconfiguration of the cloud cell 704 does not change during the periodsfrom T1 to T4 in which the MS 702 moves in the cloud cell 704.

The MS 702 in time T1 transmits or receives signals from the BS2referring to FIG. 7A, and the MS 702 in time T2 transmits or receivessignals from the BS1 referring to FIG. 7B. In addition, the MS 702 intime T3 transmits or receives signals from the BS3 and the BS4 at thesame time referring to FIG. 7C, and the MS 702 in time T4 transmits orreceives signals from all the BSs that configure the cloud cellreferring to FIG. 7D.

As described above, the MS may transmit or receive signals with the bestquality by using one BS or more in the cloud cell, and may select atransmission or reception scheme optimized so as to reduce or minimizethe decrease (i.e., increase) of the data yield generated in a cellborder. As an example of the optimized transmission or reception scheme,coordinated multipoint transmission or reception schemes may be applied.

In performing transmission or reception with the plurality of BSs in thecloud cell, types of transmitted signals may be divided by a master BSand slave BSs so that the master BS and the slave BSs perform differentroles. For example, the master BS performs a role of an anchor of acontrol signal, so the master BS takes charge of a transmission relatingto the control signal. Meanwhile, only data of the MS which is not acontrol signal may be transmitted by either a master or slave BS.

In Table 1 shown below, examples of role assignments of transmissions ofdata or control signals for the MS in the cloud cell are listed.

TABLE 1 Downlink Uplink transmission Uplink reception Downlink receptioncontrol signal control signal transmission data data 1 Master MasterMaster Master 2 Master Member 3 Member Master 4 Member Member 5 MemberMaster Master Master 6 Master Member 7 Member Master 8 Member Member 9Master Member Master Master 10 Master Member 11 Member Master 12 MemberMember 13 Member Member Master Master 14 Master Member 15 Member Master16 Member Member

Table 1 shows a number of exemplary embodiments with respect to datatransmissions and transmittable control signals using a master-slavecooperation protocol in the cloud cell. Here, “Master” refers to amaster BS, and “Member” refers to one BS or more that configure thecloud cell, and can be master or slave BSs.

The control signal refers to a signal for controlling the MS which isgenerated at Layer 2 (a MAC layer) or Layer 1 (a physical layer) of amaster BS. For example, the control signal includes at least one ofscheduling information of a wireless resource for data transmission,power control information, HARQ ACK/NACK-related information, CQI(Channel Quality information), beam index in a beamforming system, andmay not include a control signal in a form of a message generated atLayer 2. Further, “data” refers to data received from the network by auser or data to be transmitted to the network.

In the first exemplary embodiment of Table 1, both of the control signaland the data can be transmitted from the master BS, and the MS transmitsor receives the control signal and the data to/from one BS (that is, themaster BS).

In the second to sixteenth exemplary embodiments of Table 1, not onlythe master BS of the cloud cell but also slave BSs take part intransmission of control signals or data. The transmission of controlsignals/data in the cloud cell may be applied to various exemplaryembodiments according to the wireless communication system environment.

FIG. 8 illustrates a process of transmitting downlink signals from theBSs that configure the cloud cell according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure. Here, the cloud cell of the MS is configured with amaster BS, a slave BS1, and a slave BS2.

With reference to FIG. 8, the MS performs a synchronization process sothat all the BSs that configure the cloud cell are synchronized with thedownlink physical signals in step 802. According to another embodiment,the MS may perform a downlink synchronization process with the firstconnected BS or the master BS. Further, the master BS may shareinformation on the downlink synchronization with the MS, with other BSs.

In step 804, all the BSs in the cloud cell transmit downlink referencesignals periodically or according to a specific event. The referencesignals may be configured in a digital bit sequence of a predeterminedformat. The MS detects the reception power of the reference signal so asto detect qualities of wireless signals of the MS and all the BSs instep 806, and the channel measurements in the downlink are transmittedto the master BS in step 808. For example, the channel measurements arereported to the master BS in a form of SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) orSINR (Signal to Interference and noise ratio). According to anotherembodiment, the channel measurements may be reported to the master BSvia at least one slave BS. According to another embodiment, the MS maymeasure qualities of wireless channel signals of all the detectable BSsin the system, and may report the channel measurements of a certainnumber of BSs with superior signal qualities, to the master BS. In thisexemplary embodiment, the master BS may refer to the channelmeasurements of the BSs in the cloud cell among the reported channelmeasurements for scheduling.

In step 810, the master BS selects at least one BS to transmit downlinkdata in the next scheduling interval by using the channel measurementswith respect to each BS measured in the MS, and selects an optimumtransmission scheme for a download signal transmission. The transmissionscheme may include a resource assignment for signal transmission at eachBS, a modulation/encoding scheme, a precoding scheme, and an optimumreceiving/transmitting beam for beamforming. The master BS determines totransmit data from the master BS and the slave BS1 during the nextscheduling interval in step 812, and informs the slave BS1 of thescheduling information according to the decision in step 814. If theslave BS1 already knows the scheduling information, the scheduling maynot be informed of. According to another embodiment, the schedulinginformation may be transmitted to all the slave BSs. Further, the masterBS transmits downlink data to be transmitted to the MS received from thenetwork to the slave BS1.

In step 816, the master BS informs the MS of the scheduling informationthrough the scheduling control information. As a combinable embodiment,the scheduling control information may be notified to the MS by theselected slave BS1. In step 818, the master BS and the slave BS1transmit downlink data to the MS by using the wireless resources andtransmission scheme designated by the scheduling control information.Then, the MS receives downlink data by using the wireless resources andtransmission scheme designated by the scheduling control information. Atthis point, the master BS and the slave BS1 may transmit the downlinkdata by using the same or independent wireless resource and transmissionscheme. According to an embodiment, the downlink data uses the samewireless resource and modulating/encoding scheme as the plurality ofBSs, but the downlink data may be transmitted by using differenttransmission beams. Then, the MS may receive the downlink data by usingdifferent reception beams.

FIG. 9 illustrates a process for receiving an uplink signal in BSs thatconfigure a cloud cell according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure. Here, the cloud cell of the MS is configured with a masterBS, a slave BS1, and a slave BS2.

With reference to FIG. 9, the MS performs a synchronization process sothat all the BSs are synchronized with the uplink physical signals instep 902. According to another embodiment, the MS may perform an uplinksynchronization process with the first connected BS or the master BS.The master BS may share the information on the uplink synchronizationwith the MS, with other BSs. Since the uplink physical layersynchronization is more complicated than the downlink physical layersynchronization and the MS greatly consumes power in the uplink physicallayer synchronization, performing the uplink physical synchronizationwith a plurality of BSs may be a burden to the MS. Therefore, the burdenof the MS may be reduced by performing the uplink physical layersynchronization only with the master BS, not all the BSs.

In step 904, the MS transmits the uplink reference signal periodicallyor according to a specific event so that all the BSs in the cloud cellreceive the uplink reference signal. The reference signal is configuredwith a digital bit signal in a predetermined format. In step 906, eachBS of the cloud cell measures qualities of wireless channel signalsbetween the MS and each of the BSs, by detecting the reception signal ofthe reference signal. In step 908, the uplink channel measurementsmeasured by the BSs other than the master BS, that is, the slave BSs aretransmitted to the master BS. For example, the channel measurements maybe reported to the master BS in a form of SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) orSINR (Signal to Interference and noise ratio).

In step 910, the master BS selects at least one BS to receive uplinkdata by using the channel measurements measured by each of the BSs, andselects an optimum transmission scheme for uplink signal transmission.The transmission scheme may include at least one of a resourceassignment for signal transmission at the MS, a modulation/encodingscheme, a precoding scheme, and an optimum receiving/transmitting beamfor beamforming. The master BS determines to receive data from the MS atthe slave BS1 and the slave BS2 during the next scheduling interval instep 912, and informs the slave BS1 and the slave BS2 of the schedulinginformation according to the determination in step 914. If the slave BSsalready know the scheduling information, the scheduling may not beinformed of. According to another embodiment, the scheduling informationis transmitted to all the slave BSs.

In step 916, the master BS informs the MS of the scheduling informationvia the scheduling control information. As a combinable embodiment, thescheduling control information may be notified to the MS by the selectedslave BS1. The MS that has received the scheduling control informationtransmits the uplink data to the slave BS1 and the slave BS2 by usingthe wireless resources and transmission scheme designated by thescheduling control information in step 918. Then, the slave BS1 and theslave BS2 receive uplink data by using the wireless resources andtransmission scheme designated by the scheduling control information. Atthis point, the MS may transmit the uplink data by using the same orindependent wireless resources and transmission schemes. According to anembodiment, the uplink data may use the same wireless resource andmodulating/encoding scheme, and may be transmitted from the MS to theslave BS1 and the slave BS2 by using different transmission beams. Then,the slave BS1 and the slave BS2 may receive the uplink data by usingdifferent reception beams.

In step 918, the slave BS1 and the slave BS2 transmit the receiveduplink data to the master BS so that the master BS transmits the uplinkdata to the network node. According to another embodiment, if any one ofthe slave BSs has a connection that can transmit data with the networknode, the received uplink data may be directly transmitted from theslave BS to the network node.

FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate reformation of a cloud cell according to anembodiment of the present disclosure. FIGS. 10A and 10B are diagramsillustrating reformation of the cloud cell in time periods of T1 and T2,respectively. Each of the time periods may be, for example, a schedulinginterval or a reformation interval of the cloud cell.

With reference to FIG. 10A, a cloud cell 1004 is configured with a BS1,a BS2, a BS3, and a BS4 for serving an MS 1002 at time T1. Theconfiguration of the cloud cell 1004 may be changed according to themovement of the MS 1002 or the change of the wireless environment aroundthe MS 1002. At time T2, as the MS 1002 moves to a new position 1012,new BSs of a BS5, a BS6, and a BS7 that have excellent signal qualitieswith the MS 1012 are added to a cloud cell 1014 of the MS 1012, and theBS1, the BS2, and the BS4 that have inferior signal qualities areremoved from the cloud cell 1014.

That is, the cloud cell of the MS may constantly change according to theflow of time, the movement of the MS, the change of the wirelessenvironment, or the like so that the cloud cell is configured with BSsthat have good signal qualities. A process in which new BSs are added tothe cloud cell or existing BSs are deleted is referred to as reformationof the cloud cell. The reformation of the cloud cell may be performedbased on various conditions, such as the state of the wireless resourcesof the BSs, system loads, or a wireless signal quality of the MS, andthe reformation may be determined by the master BS or performed by therequest of the MS. The master BS may determine whether to reform thecloud cell, for example, according to a scheduling interval or a certaininterval that can be determined independently from the schedulinginterval.

FIG. 11 illustrates a process of adding a new BS in a cloud cellaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

With reference to FIG. 11, the MS is powered on and performs a networkentry with a BS that has the best reception signal quality in step 1102.The BS that performs the network entry becomes a master BS of the MS.After performing the network entry, the MS measures qualities ofwireless channel signals of neighboring BSs periodically or according toan event and reports the measured qualities to the BS in step 1104. Instep 1106, the master BS determines to add a BS that satisfies a certaincondition among the BSs of which the signal qualities are reported fromthe MS, for example, at least one BS that has a signal quality betterthan a predetermined value, as a slave member of the cloud cell.Specifically, the master BS determines to add the slave BS1 to the cloudcell.

The master BS transmits a message for requesting to add the slave BS1 tothe cloud cell of the MS, for example, an ADD-REQ message in step 1108,and receives a message for responding thereto from the slave BS1, forexample, an ADD-RSP message in step 1110. The ADD-REQ message mayinclude identification information of the MS. The ADD-RSP message mayinclude information of accepting the addition request from the masterBS. The master BS transmits the user context with respect to the MS tothe slave BS1 to share the user context in step 1112, and transmits anotification message to the MS informing that the slave BS1 is added tothe cloud cell in step 1114. According to another embodiment, the usercontext may be transmitted to the slave BS1 via the ADD-REQ message.

The MS performs a synchronization process for synchronizing the slaveBS1 and the signal at the physical layer, in response to the receptionof the notification message, in step 1116. The synchronization processincludes, for example, downlink and/or uplink physical layersynchronization.

In step 1118, the master BS determines to add the slave BS2 as a slavemember of the cloud cell based on the signal quality informationreported from the MS in step 1104. The master BS transmits the ADD-REQmessage to the slave BS2 in step 1120, and receives the ADD-RSP messagefrom the slave BS2 in step 1122. The slave BS2 may determine not toaccept providing the service to the MS for the reason that the slave BS2has no available wireless resource for serving the MS, that the MS isnot authenticated in the slave BS2, or the like. That is, themaster-slave protocol is a logical role assignment of the BSs forserving the MS, and each of the BSs has an admission control functionfor independently determining whether to serve the MS. Therefore, theADD-RSP message may include information of refusing the addition requestfrom the master BS. In step 1124, the master BS that receives theADD-RSP message determines not to include the slave BS2 as a member ofthe cloud cell.

FIG. 12 illustrates a process of removing a BS member from a cloud cellaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

With reference to FIG. 12, the MS performs communication with a cloudcell configured with three BSs (a master BS, a slave BS1, and a slaveBS2) in step 1202. The MS measures qualities of wireless channel signalsof neighboring BSs including the three BSs and periodically oraperiodically reports the measured qualities to the master BS. In step1206, the master BS determines to remove the slave BS1 from the cloudcell based on the report on the qualities of the signals from the MS.According to another embodiment, the slave BS1 may determine that it isdifficult to serve the MS for various reasons, such as lack of wirelessresources of the slave BS1 and system overload, and may request themaster BS to withdraw from the cloud cell of the MS.

The master BS transmits a message for requesting the slave BS1 to bedeleted from the cloud cell of the MS, for example, a Delete-CMD (DeleteCommand) message in step 1208, and receives a Delete-CFM (DeleteConfirmation) message, as a response message to the Delete-CMD message,from the slave BS1 in step 1210. In step 1212, the slave BS1 deletes theuser context stored with respect to the MS, in response to the receptionof the Delete-CMD message. In step 1214, the master BS informs the MS ofthe deletion of the BS1 from the cloud cell, in response to thereception of the Delete-CFM message. Then, the MS stops a cloud celloperation such as a synchronization process for synchronizing with theslave BS1 and the transmission of a signal at the physical layer, anddoes not perform such operations any more.

FIG. 13 illustrates a process of changing a master BS in a cloud cellaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

With reference to FIG. 13, the MS performs communication with a cloudcell configured with three BSs (a master BS, a slave BS1, and a slaveBS2) and performs uplink and downlink synchronization processes at aphysical layer with the three BSs in step 1302. In step 1304, the masterBS determines that the BS cannot perform the role of the master BS ofthe cloud cell of the MS due to a certain condition. According to anembodiment of the present disclosure, the master BS may not perform therole of the master BS due to the increase of system overload, thedecrease of signal quality of the MS, or other conditions. Further, themaster BS may determine, for example, that the slave BS2 may be a newmaster BS based on a certain condition, such as the signal quality ofthe MS.

In step 1306, the master BS returns a qualification as a master BS, andtransmits a message for transferring the qualification to another BS,for example, a master change request message, to the slave BS2. In step1308, the slave BS2 includes information of acceptance to a message forresponding to the master change request message, for example, a masterchange response message, and transmits the master change responsemessage to the master BS. According to another embodiment, if it isdetermined that the slave BS2 may not perform the role of the master BS,the slave BS2 includes information of rejection, not the information ofacceptance, to the master change response message, and transmits themaster change response message. In this exemplary embodiment, theprocess of changing the master BS stops.

In step 1310, the master BS confirms the information of acceptanceincluded in the master change response message, and transmits thecontrol message informing that the master BS has been changed, to theslave BS1, the slave BS2, and the gateway that is a network node higherthan the BSs. The gateway recognizes that the master BS has been changedto the existing slave BS2, and changes routing paths in order totransmit all the control information and data directed from the networkto the MS, to the new master BS (that is, the existing slave BS2).Additionally, the master BS may inform the MS of the change of themaster BS in step 1312.

If the process described above has been completed, the previous masterBS of the cloud cell is changed to a slave BS3, and the slave BS2 ischanged to a master BS and performs a role of the master BS with respectto the MS.

FIG. 14 illustrates a process of changing a master BS in a cloud cellaccording to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

With reference to FIG. 14, the MS performs communication with a cloudcell configured with three BSs (a master BS, a slave BS1, and a slaveBS2), performs a downlink synchronization process at a physical layerwith the three BSs, and performs an uplink synchronization process at aphysical layer only with the master BS in step 1402. In step 1404, themaster BS determines that the BS cannot perform the role of the masterBS with respect to the cloud cell of the MS due to a certain condition.Further, the master BS determines, for example, that the slave BS2 is tobe a new master BS based on a certain condition, such as a signalquality of the MS.

In step 1406, the master BS returns a qualification as a master BS, andtransmits a message for transferring the qualification to another BS,for example, a master change request message, to the slave BS2. In step1408, the slave BS2 includes information of acceptance to a message forresponding to the master change request message, for example, a masterchange response message, and transmits the master change responsemessage to the master BS. According to another embodiment, if it isdetermined that the slave BS2 may not perform the role of the master BS,the slave BS2 includes information of rejection, not the information ofacceptance, to the master change response message, and transmit themaster change response message. In this exemplary embodiment, theprocess of changing the master BS stops.

In step 1410, the master BS transmits a UL Sync check request messagefor checking the uplink synchronization with the slave BS2, to the MS,prior to transferring the master qualification to the slave BS2. Forexample, the UL Sync check request message may include information onthe slave BS2 to perform the uplink synchronization. In step 1412, theMS acquires correct synchronization with respect to the slave BS2, byperforming a process of uplink synchronization at a physical layer withthe slave BS2, in response to the UL Sync check request message.Thereafter, the MS transmits a UL sync check confirmation messageinforming that the uplink synchronization with the slave BS2 issuccessful, to the master BS in step 1414. The UL sync checkconfirmation message may include information indicating that the uplinksynchronization with the slave BS2 is okay. If the uplinksynchronization of the MS with the slave BS2 is confirmed, the master BSproceeds to the next process, in order to transfer the qualification asa master BS to the slave BS2.

In step 1416, the master BS transmits control messages to the slave BS1,the slave BS2, and a gateway that is a network node higher than the BSs.The gateway recognizes that the master BS has been changed to theexisting slave BS2, and changes routing paths in order to transmit allthe control information and data directed from the network to the MS, tothe new master BS (that is, the existing slave BS2). Additionally, themaster BS may inform the MS of the change of the master BS in step 1418.

If the process described above is completed, the previous master BS ofthe cloud cell is changed to a slave BS3, and the slave BS2 is changedto a master BS and performs a role of the master BS with respect to theMS.

FIG. 15 illustrates a block diagram of a configuration of the MSaccording to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As illustratedabove, the MS is configured with a controller 1502, a transmitter 1504,a receiver 1506, and a memory 1508.

With respect to FIG. 15, the transmitter 1504 and the receiver 1506transmit and receive wireless signals with one BS or more according to awireless interface protocol. The controller 1502 controls thetransmitter 1504 and the receiver 1506 according to at least one of theembodiments of the present disclosure, so as to receive a communicationservice from a plurality of BSs that configure a cloud cell. The memory1508 stores program codes and operation parameters required foroperations of the controller 1502 and the transmitter and receiver 1504and 1506, and provides the program codes and operation parameters, ifnecessary.

FIG. 16 illustrates a block diagram of a configuration of a BS accordingto an embodiment of the present disclosure. The BS as illustrated isconfigured with a controller 1602, a wireless interface 1604, a networkinterface 1506, and a memory 1508.

With reference to FIG. 16, the wireless interface 1604 transmits andreceives wireless signals with one MS or more according to a wirelessinterface protocol. A network interface 1606 exchanges controlinformation and/or data with a network node or other BSs according to apredetermined protocol.

The controller 1602 controls the wireless interface 1604 and the networkinterface 1606 to operate as a master BS or slave BSs of the cloud cellfor each of the one MS or more according to at least one of theembodiments of the present disclosure. The BS may provide acommunication service to the MS singly or by communicating with otherBSs under the control of the controller 1602. A memory 1608 storesprogram codes and operation parameters required for operating thecontroller 1602 and the interfaces 1604 and 1606, and provides theprogram codes and operation parameters, if necessary.

Although the present disclosure has been described with an exemplaryembodiment, various changes and modifications may be suggested to oneskilled in the art. It is intended that the present disclosure encompasssuch changes and modifications as fall within the scope of the appendedclaims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of wireless communication by a masterbase station for serving a mobile station with a set of base stationsincluding the master base station and at least one cooperative basestation, the method comprising: performing a measurement for at leastone uplink (UL) channel between the mobile station and the master basestation; receiving, from the at least one cooperative base station, atleast one measurement report for at least one UL channel between themobile station and the at least one cooperative base station; selectinga base station in the set of base stations to receive UL data from themobile station based on the measurement and the at least one measurementreport; and determining a transmission scheme for transmitting the ULdata based on the measurement or the measurement report, wherein thetransmission scheme includes at least one of resource allocation fortransmitting the UL data, a modulation and coding scheme, a precodingscheme or an optimal beam for beamforming.
 2. The method of claim 1,further comprising: transmitting scheduling information on the UL datato the mobile station.
 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: ifa first base station of the at least one cooperative base station isselected as the base station to receive the UL data, transmittingscheduling information on the UL data to the first base station.
 4. Themethod of claim 1, wherein a UL control signal from the mobile stationis received by only the master base station.
 5. A method of wirelesscommunication by a cooperative base station for serving a mobile stationwith a set of base stations including a master base station and at leastone cooperative base station, the method comprising: transmitting to themaster base station, a measurement report for an uplink (UL) channelbetween the mobile station and the at least one cooperative basestation; and if the at least one cooperative base station is selected asa base station to receive a UL data from the mobile station based on atleast one measurement report for at least one UL channel between themobile station and the at least one cooperative base station, receivingthe UL data from the mobile station, wherein receiving the UL datacomprises receiving the UL data from the mobile station using atransmission scheme selected based on the at least one measurementreport, and wherein the transmission scheme includes at least one ofresource allocation for transmitting the DL data, a modulation andcoding scheme, a precoding scheme or an optimal beam for beamforming. 6.The method of claim 5, further comprising: receiving schedulinginformation on the UL data from the master base station.
 7. The methodof claim 5, further comprising: transmitting the received UL data to themaster base station.
 8. A master base station for serving a mobilestation with a set of base stations including the master base stationand at least one cooperative base station, the master base stationcomprising: a transceiver; and a controller coupled to the transceiver,wherein the controller is configured to: perform a measurement for atleast one uplink (UL) channel between the mobile station and the masterbase station; receive, from the at least one cooperative base station,at least one measurement report for at least one UL channel between themobile station and the at least one cooperative base station; select abase station in the set of base stations to receive UL data from themobile station based on the measurement and the at least one measurementreport; and determine a transmission scheme for transmitting the UL databased on the measurement or the measurement report, wherein thetransmission scheme includes at least one of resource allocation fortransmitting the UL data, a modulation and coding scheme, a precodingscheme or an optimal beam for beamforming.
 9. The master base station ofclaim 8, wherein the controller is further configured to: transmitscheduling information on the UL data to the mobile station.
 10. Themaster base station of claim 8, wherein the controller is furtherconfigured to: if a first base station of the at least one cooperativebase station is selected as the base station to receive the UL data,transmit scheduling information on the UL data to the first basestation.
 11. The master base station of claim 8, wherein a UL controlsignal from the mobile station is received by only the master basestation.
 12. A cooperative base station for serving a mobile stationwith a set of base stations including a master base station and thecooperative base station, the cooperative base station comprising: atransceiver; and a controller coupled to the transceiver, wherein thecontroller is configured to: transmit to the master base station, ameasurement report for an uplink (UL) channel between the mobile stationand the cooperative base station; and if the cooperative base station isselected, as a base station to receive UL data from the mobile stationbased on at least one measurement report for at least one UL channelbetween the mobile station and the cooperative base station, receive theUL data from the mobile station using a transmission scheme selectedbased on the at least one measurement report, wherein the transmissionscheme includes at least one of resource allocation for transmitting theDL data, a modulation and coding scheme, a precoding scheme or anoptimal beam for beamforming.
 13. The cooperative base station of claim12, wherein the controller is further configured to: receive schedulinginformation on the UL data from the master base station.
 14. Thecooperative base station of claim 12, wherein the controller is furtherconfigured to: transmit the received UL data to the master base station.